
Frank Frazetta’s Bucking Broncho
I got a hold of a volume of prints by Frank Frazetta when I was in highschool, and his art got a hold of me. I carried that book around, in school, and rumors abound that a certain student was toting pornographic images. Not entirely surprising given Frazetta’s penchant for painting nude females languishing amid pheromone rich settings. But I was quick to point out that the book was also chocked full of muscular marauders vanquishing reptilian foes, stranded spacemen, and a second nature of of untamed, imaginary forces.
Frazetta was an originator of american fantasy art, a movement that is descendant of 18th century Romanticism. I find it difficult to understand or appraise fantasy art without some reflection on the Romantic era. I first read about the Romantic movement in the exceptional Gardener’s guide to art, but Wikipedia has a poignant entry:
It was partly a revolt against aristocratic, social, and political norms of the Enlightenment period and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature in art and literature. The movement stressed strong emotion as a source of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as trepidation, horror, and the awe experienced in confronting the sublimity of untamed nature.
Romantic art idolizes the moment by exaggerated the aspects of the subject matter that evoke an emotional response. As quoted above, it defies scientific accuracy for sensationalism. Where super-realists take a bottom-up approach to conveying a scene, Romanticists exploit the symbolism of the elements by eluding to poetry, mythology, and religious themes.
As quoted above, Romanticism was, in part, a response to scientific observers of the day, who where offering compelling insight into the forces of nature that made the world seem more logical. But these artists feasted on the meat of desires, worshiped before the pillars of faith, and gasped in the thin air of man’s fear. It was the intrigue of fact versus glory of fiction.
Artists such as Théodore Géricault and Eugène Delacroix were prominent French Romantic painters. Géricault’s famous painting, the Raft of the Medusa, and Delacroix’s Liberty Leading the People are widely recognized as two defining Romantic works.

Putting these two images side by side reveals some of the conventions used by Romantic artists, specifically the triangular layout of the subject matter. Each has a climatic peak, the flag, which coincidentally occurs at the focus point of arrangement (presuming you aren’t staring at Liberty’s tits). The meaning of the two paintings is entirely different. Medusa is a culimation of desperation, as raft occupants signal for help amid a the cutting knots of the sea. Liberty waves a flag in the midst of a war, as a symbol of triumph, despite ongoing conflict. But the two images are strikingly similar in regards to their presentation. This is not accidental, nor is it an isolated likeness, it is convention among Romantic painters of the time.
From a broader perspective, the most common tie is the way each member of the painting reinforces the overall theme. So while the message of the two paintings is completely different (desperation / liberation), both scenes have all participants reinforcing the theme. Each figure seeks to add another dimension to the theme. Every face, wisp of cloud, strewn pose, and the overall arrangement of those facets is an endeavor to define the moment in the most memorable manner possible.
Flash forward to the 1960s, when young Frank was astonishing a new audience. Early on, his sensational Conan book covers were driving the up the sales of the Conan genre books. It was the dawn of a new era, where the audience had different dispositions then their Romantic period ancestors. Well informed and invested in science, fantasy readers sought the same escapism that Romanticism offered but not so much in disregard of the scientific world, moreso to delight in permutations of possibility. Science aided the imagery insofar as it inspired the subject matter. Frazetta proclaimed a his longstanding facination with the prehistory of dinosaurs, and saber toothed mammals — actual creatures of mythic proportion. Other works portrayed alien landscapes, where spacemen voyaged into the unknown. This was the art of informed fantasy.
A prominent modern fantasy artist, Boris Vallejo, explains that it’s a turn of the old adage, truth is stranger than fiction:
The job of a fantasy artist is to even the odds and make fiction stranger than reality.
That’s not a departure from the Romantic movement’s modus operandum.

Frazetta’s “The Destroyer ”
…In what may the most famous work of the most renowned fantasy artist bears many similarities to Romantic style art. In the same triangular layout, Conan towers above the carnage of his own making, gripping a bloodied axe, poised to strike another fatal blow. The opposition collapses around him. Figures are recoiling, giving way, writhing in pain, and even crouching apprehensively before their assailant. This work is said to be entirely unrelated to the book it was contracted for (besides featuring the main character, Conan). Like his predecessors some two centuries ago, Frank is reveling in the moment. He is quoted:
I just select the peak moment of action and paint it.
But what I observe as a distinct difference between these two eras is the steady assimilation of new science into the realm of fantasy art. Cyborgs and neural nets are common subjects in fantasy art as well as the literature they cover. There is no assumption that the world is well known, there is less delight in the classic themes of the human experience. Indeed, modern fantasy art follows science and fills in the blanks. Yet, to evoke the mystique of a theme and provide detail is a fine line to walk. Frazetta addresses this notion directly in the following quote:
I try to keep a balance, I try to know what to leave out and what to put in — and in the final analysis, the original painting can look very simple. But it really isn’t. Making it look simple is very, very difficult.
This gets at the core of the more informed fantasy art movement. Invention is necessary, but enhancing the mystery, rather than explaining it to the viewer, is the crux of good fantasy art.
Frazetta remains my favorite fantasy artist, and one of my favorites in general. I got my quotes from this fine compilation of his work. Next time I visit this topic, I’ll examine more modern fantasy artists and take a look at how the field has changed since the heyday of Frank.